Samsung official reportedly confirms Note III in the works!!!

Given the success of the original Galaxy Note and its sequel, there's little doubt a third installment of the super-sized handset line is on Samsung's to-launch list. Korean site ETNews claims to have heard the first legitimate confirmation of the Note III's existence, however, citing a Samsung official as its source. The insider apparently had much to say on plans for the camera, too. It's expected to be a 13-megapixel affair and could see other upgrades over its predecessor, including optical image stabilization and 3x optical zoom. According to the official, no final decisions on the camera have been made yet, but with less than four months to go until IFA (where the previous Notes have debuted), it's probably time to start nailing those specs down.

Source : http://www.engadget.com/2013/05/28/samsung-official-confirms-note-III/#comments

http://english.etnews.com/electronics/2773826_1303.html

Audi self driven car Commercial!!

Awesome video from Audi!!

I used Google Glass !!!!

This is from The Verge , as you can see this guy got to use Google Glass , which I am waiting for and hopefully ill be able to afford them when ever they come out.

Bomb hits DAMASCUS FROM ISRAEL!!

This is crazy look at it the bomb explode and then the big boom behind it!!!

S4 Samsung Style!!

Lol I was looking around the web when I found this, tell me what yall think!!

Pressure cooker bombs suspected in Boston blast!!

BOSTON (AP) — Federal agents zeroed in Tuesday on how theBoston Marathon bombing was carried out — with kitchen pressure cookers packed with explosives, nails and other lethal shrapnel — but said they still didn't know who did it and why.

An intelligence bulletin issued to law enforcement and released late Tuesday included a picture of a mangled pressure cooker and a torn black bag the FBI said were part of a bomb.

The FBI and other law enforcement agencies repeatedly pleaded for members of the public to come forward with photos, videos or anything suspicious they might have seen or heard.

"The range of suspects and motives remains wide open," Richard DesLauriers, FBI agent in charge in Boston, said at a news conference. He vowed to "go to the ends of the Earth to identify the subject or subjects who are responsible for this despicable crime."

President Barack Obama branded the attack an act of terrorism but said officials don't know "whether it was planned and executed by a terrorist organization, foreign or domestic, or was the act of a malevolent individual."

Scores of victims remained in hospitals, many with grievous injuries, a day after the twin explosions near the marathon's finish line killed three people, wounded more than 170 and reawakened fears of terrorism. A 9-year-old girl and 10-year-old boy were among 17 victims listed in critical condition.

Heightening jitters in Washington, where security already had been tightened after the bombing, a letter addressed to a senator and poisoned with ricin or a similarly toxic substance was intercepted at a mail facility outside the capital, lawmakers said.

There was no immediate indication the episode was related to the Boston attack. Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid said the letter was sent to Republican Sen. Roger Wicker, of Mississippi.

Officials found that the bombs in Boston consisted of explosives put in ordinary 1.6-gallon pressure cookers, one with shards of metal and ball bearings, the other with nails, according to a person close to the investigation who spoke on condition of anonymity because the probe was still going on. The bombs were stuffed into black duffel bags and left on the ground, the person said.

DesLauriers confirmed that investigators had found pieces of black nylon from a bag or backpack and fragments of BBs and nails, possibly contained in a pressure cooker. He said the items were sent to the FBI laboratory at Quantico, Va., for analysis.

The FBI said it is looking at what Boston television station WHDH said are photos sent by a viewer that show the scene right before and after the bombs went off. The photo shows something next to a mailbox that appears to be a bag, but it's unclear what the significance is.

"We're taking a look at hundreds of photos, and that's one of them," FBI spokesman Jason Pack said.

Investigators said they haven't determined what was used to set off the explosives.

Pressure cooker explosives have been used in international terrorism and have been recommended for lone-wolf operatives by al-Qaida's branch in Yemen.

But information on how to make the bombs is readily found online, and U.S. officials said Americans should not rush to judgment in linking the attack to overseas terrorists.

DesLauriers said there had been no claim of responsibility for the attack.

He urged people to come forward with anything suspicious, such as hearing someone express an interest in explosives or a desire to attack the marathon, seeing someone carrying a dark heavy bag at the race or hearing mysterious explosions recently.

"Someone knows who did this," the FBI agent said.

The bombs exploded 10 or more seconds apart, tearing off victims' limbs and spattering streets with blood, instantly turning the festive race into a hellish scene of confusion, horror and heroics.

The blasts killed 8-year-old Martin Richard, of Boston, 29-year-old Krystle Campbell, of Medford, and a third victim, identified only as a graduate student at Boston University.

Doctors who treated the wounded corroborated reports that the bombs were packed with shrapnel intended to cause mayhem.

"We've removed BBs, and we've removed nails from kids. One of the sickest things for me was just to see nails sticking out of a little girl's body," said Dr. David Mooney, director of the trauma center at Boston Children's Hospital.

At Massachusetts General Hospital, all four amputations performed there were above the knee, with no hope of saving more of the legs, said Dr. George Velmahos, chief of trauma surgery.

"It wasn't a hard decision to make," he said. "We just completed the ugly job that the bomb did."

Obama plans to visit Boston on Thursday to attend an interfaith service in honor of the victims. He has traveled four times to cities reeling from mass violence, most recently in December after the schoolhouse shooting in Newtown, Conn.

In the wake of the attack, security was stepped up around the White House and across the country. Police massed at federal buildings and transit centers in the nation's capital, critical response teams deployed in New York City and security officers with bomb-sniffing dogs spread through Chicago's Union Station.

Homeland Security Secretary Janet Napolitano said that the stepped-up security was a precaution and that there was no evidence the bombings were part of a wider plot.

Pressure cooker explosives have been used in Afghanistan, India, Nepal and Pakistan, according to a July 2010 intelligence report by the FBI and the Department of Homeland Security. One of the three devices used in the May 2010 Times Square attempted bombing was a pressure cooker, the report said.

"Placed carefully, such devices provide little or no indication of an impending attack," the report said.

The Pakistani Taliban, which claimed responsibility for the 2010 attempt in Times Square, has denied any part in the Boston Marathon attack.

Al-Qaida's branch in Yemen gave a detailed description of how to make a bomb using a pressure cooker in a 2010 issue of Inspire, its English-language online publication aimed at would-be terrorists acting alone.

In a chapter titled "Make a bomb in the kitchen of your mom," it says "the pressurized cooker is the most effective method" for making a simple bomb, and it provides directions.

The tightly sealed pot makes easier-to-obtain but weaker explosives faster and stronger, amplifying the blast and the carnage.

Naser Jason Abdo, a former U.S. soldier, was sentenced to life in prison last year after being convicted of planning to use a pair of bombs made from pressure cookers in an attack on a Texas restaurant frequented by soldiers from Fort Hood. He was found with the Inspire article.

Investigators in the Boston bombing also are combing surveillance tapes from businesses around the finish line and asking travelers at Logan Airport to share any photos or video that might help.

"This is probably one of the most photographed areas in the country yesterday," said Boston police Commissioner Edward Davis. He said two security sweeps of the marathon route had been conducted before the bombing.

Boston police and firefighter unions announced a $50,000 reward for information leading to arrests.

___

Sullivan reported from Washington. Associated Press writers Steve LeBlanc, Bridget Murphy, Rodrique Ngowi and Meghan Barr in Boston; Julie Pace and Lara Jakes in Washington; Paisley Dodds in London; Lee Keath in Cairo; and Marilynn Marchione in Milwaukee contributed to this report along with investigative researcher Randy Herschaft in New York.

Source : http://news.yahoo.com/pressure-cooker-bombs-suspected-boston-blast-014502296--spt.html

North Korea = Cuba ???

Alright so I was looking at some pictures from Korea and this is what I found , now its very interesting because it looks just like my uniform from Cuba !!

Now here is a picture of students in Cuba wearing uniform.

Some info about North Korea ??

More than half of Cuba's population   lives in  poverty. 

 Most workers earn $10 to $13 per month in pay from the government. Some work on the side or sell goods in local markets, earning an extra $10 per month or so.Most of the people who dont work and work on the side make more than doctors.

Electricity goes away from time to time leaving the citizens in the dark.

One Pound Fish!!

This is what the world is coming to 22 million views and counting , where is our future heading!!!

Apple tries for a patent on removable laptop touchscreens.

OK guys so Apple is trying to get a patent that allows for the touch screen display of a laptop to be taken off the device and charged wirelessly trough the hinge or trough atleast some form of wireless charging. Now its a great idea , but what will be interesting is when they get it . Now other companies have already come up with something like this , let me show you what i mean . So what do I tell those companies that have come up with tablet/laptop hybrids , be careful because we know Apple takes their design very serious , and they will sue if they think it looks like their design.

HP-Envy x2 

The notebook that doubles as a tablet. The new HP ENVY x2 PC gives you the power of two devices in one. A Windows 8 laptop with a bright, vivid HD Touch display.[1,2] And a tablet that slides off for those times when you want to carry even less.

ThinkPad Helix

ThinkPad Helix, which is everything you might want in a Windows 8 convertible. The 11.6" full HD display can be used alone as a touchscreen tablet or docked into the keyboard in either normal laptop mode or facing outwards for presentation or movie watching. This business-class laptop has a thin and light Ultrabook form, with up to 10 hours of battery life (the keyboard dock adds extra battery life to the tablet's 5 hours). It also can be outfitted with powerful specs: up to an Intel Core i7 processor, 8GB of RAM, and 256GB SSD. And it has a Wacom digitizer for pen support. The only thing is this premium laptop-tablet hybrid comes with a premium starting price of $1,499. Expected to start shipping in February.

 Asus VivoTab RT

One of the smallest Windows laptops is the Asus VivoTab RT, a 10-inch tablet with hardware keyboard dock. As the name suggests, the Vivo Tab RT runs Windows RT, not the full Windows 8 operating system (you can learn more about the differences here, but basically the RT version will only allow you to install additional apps from the Windows 8 Store). The VivoTab RT is attractively priced (about $600 with the keyboard dock included) and comes with 32GB of storage and 2GB of memory, plus a screen resolution of 1366 by 768 pixels. One of the most compelling features of the Vivo Tab is its support for Wacom digitizer stylus for better writing experience. A larger Vivo version with a 11.6-inch screen, full HD IPS display, and full Windows 8 is also coming up (and probably worth waiting for).

11.6-inch Samsung ATIV Smart PC

Another tablet with a hardware keyboard dock, this one is from Samsung. The 11.6-inch Samsung ATIV Smart PC runs Windows 8--the full version--off of an Intel Atom processor and comes with 64GB SSD storage. (A pro 700T version is also available running Intel Core i5 processor and with higher-end specs such as a 1920 by 1080 pixel display.) The touchscreen can be popped on or off the keyboard dock; it has a standard 1366 by 768 resolution. One of the nicest features of this tablet-laptop hybrid is it comes with a digitizer pen (stylus), similar to the ones Samsung is including in its popular Note smartphones, so it should be great for writing on the tablet. Available for pre-order now starting at $650.

Samsung Series 7 Slate PC

The Samsung Series 7 Slate PC has been offered previously running Windows 7. A Windows 8 version of this dockable tablet is also in the works, with an updated Core i5 processor and new pressure-sensitive Samsung S-Pen (which offers 1,024 levels of sensitivity). Like the previous models, the Series 7 Slate's 11.6-inch screen docks into a silver keyboard dock. A Series 5 version will also be available starting for about $450 less and running an Intel Atom processor. The Series 7 Slate has the better specs, however, with a full HD display, 4GB of memory, and 128GB SSD. It weighs just 1.9 pounds and is half an inch thick. These aren't available yet as of this writing, but I'm keeping an eye out for it. Prices are expected to be around $1,199.

Transformer Book

http://www.asus.com/vivo/en/transformerBook.htm

Asus took the concept of its popular Android tablet Transformer and brought it over to Windows 8. The Transformer Book features a 13-inch full HD IPS multitouch display, Core i5 or i7 processors, and a 128GB SSD. When docked, you gain access to more storage space (500GB HDD), ports, and additional battery life, making this Windows 8 tablet with dockable keyboard a killer combination. An 11.6-inch version will also be available. Pricing TBD.

Pluto's Gate or how some call it Gate's To Hell!!

Scientists have discovered what is known as the ruins of Pluto’s Gate.  Its like from a horror movie , it has poisonous vapors and all , Francesco D'Andria was researching for years on where was this gate , and how to find it , and he finally did it . He was excavating the ancient Greco-Roman World Heritage Site of Hierapolis for years and found it.D’Andria told Discovery News he used ancient mythology as his guide to locate the legendary portal to the underworld. “We found the Plutonium by reconstructing the route of a thermal spring. Indeed, Pamukkale' springs, which produce the famous white travertine terraces originate from this cave.” Now to my surprise this isn't the first gate to hell that has been found in the Karkum Desert there is one , when they were digging they came across a natural gas cavern and to get rid of the gas they set it on fire , and it has been lit for the past 40 years. Here is a video of it .

What would Barbie look like without make up??

This is what Barbie would look like with out make up.
And this picture below would be  Barbie in real life. Her name is Valeria Lukyanova. She has had so many surgeries to look like a real life Barbie.

Now an interesting fact, the person with the most plastic surgery done to her is Sarah Burge
with a whopping $500,000.00

US sends gifts to South Korea!! Check it ou!!

South Korea vows fast response to North Korea if any attack are done, and USA sends a gift !!!

South Korea will strike back quickly if the North stages any attack, the new president in Seoul warned on Monday, as tensions ratcheted higher on the Korean peninsula amid shrill rhetoric from Pyongyang and the U.S. deployment of radar-evading fighter planes.

North Korea says the region is on the brink of a nuclear war in the wake of United Nations sanctions imposed for its February nuclear test and a series of joint U.S. and South Korean military drills that have included a rare U.S. show of aerial power.

 

The North, whose economy is smaller than it was 20 years ago, appeared to move on Monday to addressing its pressing need for investment by appointing a reformer to the country's ceremonial prime minister's job, although the move mostly cemented a power grab by the ruling Kim clan.
North Korea had said on Saturday it was entering a "state of war" with South Korea in response to what it termed the "hostile" military drills being staged in the South. But there have been no signs of unusual activity in the North's military to suggest an imminent aggression, a South Korean defense ministry official said last week.
"If there is any provocation against South Korea and its people, there should be a strong response in initial combat without any political considerations," President Park Geun-hye told the defense minister and senior officials at a meeting on Monday.
The South has changed its rules of engagement to allow local units to respond immediately to attacks, rather than waiting for permission from Seoul.
Stung by criticism that its response to the shelling of a South Korean island in 2010 was tardy and weak, Seoul has also threatened to target North Korean leader Kim Jong-un and to destroy statues of the ruling Kim dynasty in the event of any new attack, a plan that has outraged Pyongyang.
Seoul and its ally the United States played down Saturday's statement from the official KCNA news agency as the latest in a stream of tough talk from Pyongyang.
North Korea stepped up its rhetoric in early March, when U.S. and South Korean forces began annual military drills that involved the flights of U.S. B-2 stealth bombers in a practice run, prompting the North to puts its missile units on standby to fire at U.S. military bases in the South and in the Pacific.
The United States also deployed F-22 stealth fighter jets on Sunday to take part in the drills. The F-22s were deployed in South Korea before, in 2010.
On its part, North Korea has cancelled an armistice agreement with the United States that ended the Korean War and cut all hotlines with U.S. forces, the United Nations and South Korea.
NUCLEAR WEAPONS "NOT A BARGAINING CHIP"
Park's intervention came on the heels of a meeting of the North's ruling Workers Party Central Committee where leader Kim Jong-un rejected the notion that Pyongyang was going to use its nuclear arms development as a bargaining chip.
"The nuclear weapons of Songun Korea are not goods for getting U.S. dollars and they are ... (not) to be put on the table of negotiations aimed at forcing the (North) to disarm itself," KCNA news agency quoted him as saying.
At the meeting, Kim appointed a handful of personal confidants to the party's politburo, further consolidating his grip on power in the second full year of his reign.
The most surprising appointment came on Monday as former prime minister Pak Pong-ju was re-appointed as premier, although the move likely signaled another power struggle in Pyongang staged by the country's leader Kim Jong-un.
Pak is viewed as a key ally of Jang Song-thaek, the young Kim's uncle and also a protege of Kim's aunt and is viewed as a pawn in a power game that has seen Jang and his wife re-assert power over military leaders.
Analysts said the move would not likely change Pyongyang's approach to a confrontation that appears to have dragged the two Koreas closer to war.
Pyongyang's on-off negotiations saw it take part in nuclear disarmament talks for five years aimed at paying it off in return for abandoning its atomic weapons program. Those talks fell apart in 2008. Some experts say the talks gave the North grounds to pursue a highly enriched uranium program that took it closer to owning a working arsenal.
Songun is the Korean word for the "Military First" policy preached by Kim's father who used it to justify the use of the impoverished state's scare resources to build a 1.2-million strong army and a weapons of mass destruction program.
CALLS FOR RESTRAINT
White House National Security Council spokeswoman Caitlin Hayden said North Korea's announcement that it was in a state of war followed a "familiar pattern" of rhetoric.
China has repeatedly called for restraint on the peninsula.
However, many in South Korea have regarded the North's willingness to keep open the Kaesong industrial zone, located just a few miles (km) north of the heavily-militarized border and operated jointly by both sides, as a sign that Pyongyang will not risk losing a lucrative source of foreign currency.
Closure could also trap hundreds of South Korean workers and managers of the more than 100 firms that have factories there.

Kevin Ware breaks leg in the middle of a game!!

Dont watch this if you cant take the nasty video ..

New Video From North Korea!!

Guys I just saw this new video from North Korea , where it looks like they are invading a big city something like New York , I don't know what they are trying to say but I hope they aren't trying to start a war, we really don't need something like this . A translation was done , and apparently the video starts with a lot of missiles heading towards South Korea , and then troops moving over the border , as well as 150,000 US soldiers being taken hostage. This video was removed but I was able to get it before it happened and here it is , let me know what y'all think.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?list=UUknqqNd3-joIjWzf1Jn4oVQ&v=Yj7wK8nQ378&feature=player_embedded

News In Earth

News In Earth , as you guys can see are going to be getting more and more extensive I hope I have the time to add more information about news in earth and about health issues , like AIDS , HIV , Diabetes , blindness, and obesity because those are important Health Risks.

HIV cure and AIDS cure

A baby who was "functionally cured" of HIV may have some adult company.
Fourteen adults have also been "functionally cured" after they were given combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) for their HIV infection. They have been able to stop taking the treatment while still keeping their infection under control, according to a new study in the journal PLOS Pathogens.
"Our results show that early and prolonged cART may allow some individuals with a rather unfavorable background to achieve long-term infection control and may have important implications in the search for a functional HIV cure," the researchers, from the Institut Pasteur in Paris, wrote in the study.
MedPageToday pointed out that while the 14 adults still technically have HIV in their bodies, it's only barely detectable when using highly sensitive laboratory methods. Therefore, they are considered "functionally cured" instead of being completely rid of the virus.
The New Scientist reported that there were 70 people in the study, all of whom had been treated incredibly early for their HIV infection (anywhere between 5 and 10 weeks of being infected), but whose drug regimens had been interrupted for some reason:

Most of the 70 people relapsed when their treatment was interrupted, with the virus rebounding rapidly to pre-treatment levels. But 14 of them -- four women and 10 men -- were able to stay off of ARVs without relapsing, having taken the drugs for an average of three years.

The findings suggest that anywhere from 5 to 15 percent of people are able to be "functionally cured" of HIV, the study researcher, Dr. Asier Saez-Cirion, told BBC News.
"They still have HIV, it is not eradication of HIV, it is a kind of remission of the infection," Saez-Cirion told BBC News.

However, it still remains to be seen whether the virus will be controlled sans drugs forever. Dr. Michael Saag, of the University of Alabama Birmingham, told MedPageToday that he would not recommend people with HIV stop taking treatment, since stopping can actually spur replication of HIV. The adults in the study have been off antiretroviral medication for an average of seven years, and one person has even been off the medication for 10.5 years, the New Scientist reported.
A person with HIV must take antiretroviral drugs every day for the rest of his or her life, according to AVERT. A recent study in the journal AIDS showed that people who are able to well-control their HIV through these drugs have no higher risk of dying than people without HIV.
In the case of the baby who was declared "functionally cured" of HIV, doctors gave the baby -- who is now 2 1/2 years old -- strong HIV drugs within 30 hours of being born, the Associated Press reported. She was born to a mother who didn't realize she had HIV until she came into the hospital during labor. The HIV treatment was given to the baby before she was confirmed infected with HIV, but the doctor who treated her -- Dr. Hannah Gay, of the University of Mississippi -- told the Associated Press that she "just felt like this baby was at higher-than-normal risk, and deserved our best shot."
However, Dr. Mark Siedner, a postdoctoral fellow in the division of infectious diseases at Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, wrote an opinion piece in the Wall Street Journal, where he pointed out that questions still remain as to whether the child was infected with HIV upon birth, or merely exposed. He wrote:

In the case of the Mississippi baby, we know she was exposed to HIV, had HIV in her blood, and that at least some cells in her blood were found with sleeping virus -- though we will likely never know if those cells were from the child or maternal cells that had been transmitted during pregnancy or birth. Was the baby infected with HIV and, thus, cured? To many of the researchers at the conference, the answer is "no." It seems more likely that her treatment prevented her, after exposure to HIV, from being infected.

Before the Mississippi baby, there was another man thought to be "cured" of HIV -- Timothy Ray Brown, who is known as the "Berlin patient." Brown was "cured" when he was given bone marrow stell cell transplants for leukemia that wasn't related to his HIV infection. But those stem cells he received came from a person with HIV-resistant cells -- and after he received the transplant, his virus never came back and he was able to stop taking antiretroviral medication.

Source : http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/03/15/14-adults-cured-of-hiv-functionally-cure-_n_2884201.html?ncid=edlinkusaolp00000009

How do you get AIDS ??

You don’t actually “get” AIDS. You might get infected with HIV, and later you might develop AIDS. You can get infected with HIV from anyone who’s infected, even if they don’t look sick and even if they haven’t tested HIV-positive yet. The blood, vaginal fluid, semen, and breast milk of people infected with HIV has enough of the virus in it to infect other people. Most people get the HIV virus by:

• having sex with an infected person
• sharing a needle (shooting drugs) with someone who’s infected
• being born when their mother is infected, or drinking the breast milk of an infected woman

Getting a transfusion of infected blood used to be a way people got AIDS, but now the blood supply is screened very carefully and the risk is extremely low.
There are no documented cases of HIV being transmitted by tears or saliva, but it is possible to be infected with HIV through oral sex or in rare cases through deep kissing, especially if you have open sores in your mouth or bleeding gums.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that 1 to 1.2 million U.S. residents are living with HIV infection or AIDS; about a quarter of them do not know they have it. About 75 percent of the 40,000 new infections each year are in men, and about 25 percent in women. About half of the new infections are in Blacks, even though they make up only 12 percent of the US population.

In the mid-1990s, AIDS was a leading cause of death. However, newer treatments have cut the AIDS death rate significantly. For more information, see the US Government fact sheet at http://www.niaid.nih.gov/factsheets/aidsstat.htm.

Source :http://www.aids.org/topics/aids-factsheets/aids-background-information/what-is-aids/

How does AIDS work??

AIDS is caused by a virus called HIV, the Human Immunodeficiency Virus. If you get infected with HIV, your body will try to fight the infection. It will make “antibodies,” special molecules to fight HIV.
A blood test for HIV looks for these antibodies. If you have them in your blood, it means that you have HIV infection. People who have the HIV antibodies are called “HIV-Positive.” Fact Sheet 102 has more information on HIV testing.
Being HIV-positive, or having HIV disease, is not the same as having AIDS. Many people are HIV-positive but don’t get sick for many years. As HIV disease continues, it slowly wears down the immune system. Viruses, parasites, fungi and bacteria that usually don’t cause any problems can make you very sick if your immune system is damaged. These are called “opportunistic infections.” See Fact Sheet 500 for an overview of opportunistic infections.

Source: http://www.aids.org/topics/aids-factsheets/aids-background-information/what-is-aids/

What is AIDS!!

AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) is the final stage of HIV disease, which causes severe damage to the immune system.

This deciese is really big all over the world, it has spread alot.

The first case of aids was in
 the 1930s researchers estimate that sometime in the 1930s a form of simian immunodeficiency virus, SIV , jumped to humans in central Africa. The mutated virus became the first human immunodeficiency virus HIV.


This is  a timeline taken from the source : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_AIDS

1930s

• Researchers estimate that sometime in the 1930s a form of simian immunodeficiency virus, SIV, jumped to humans in central Africa. The mutated virus became the first human immunodeficiency virus, HIV-1.^[1]

1959

X-ray showing infection with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.

• The first known case of HIV in a human occurs in a person who died in the Congo, later confirmed as having HIV infection from his preserved blood samples.^[2][3] The authors of the study did not sequence a full virus from his samples, writing that "attempts to amplify HIV-1 fragments of >300 base pairs (bp) were unsuccessful ... However, after numerous attempts, four shorter sequences were obtained"; these represented small portions of two of the six genes of the complete HIV genome.^[3]
• June 28, in New York City, Ardouin Antonio, a 49-year-old Jamaican-American shipping clerk dies of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, a disease closely associated with AIDS. Gordon Hennigar, who performed the postmortem examination of the man's body, found "the first reported instance of unassociated Pneumocystis carinii disease in an adult" to be so unusual that he preserved Ardouin's lungs for later study. The case was published in two medical journals at the time, and Hennigar has been quoted in numerous publications saying that he believes Ardouin probably had AIDS.^[4][5]

1960s

• HIV-2, a viral variant found in West Africa, is thought to have transferred to people from sooty mangabey monkeys in Guinea-Bissau during this period.^[1]

1964

• Jerome Horwitz of Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute and Wayne State University School of Medicine synthesize AZT under a grant from the US National Institutes of Health (NIH). AZT was originally intended as an anticancer drug.

1966

• Genetic studies of the virus indicate that, in or about 1966, HIV first arrived in the Americas, infecting one person in Haiti. At this time, many Haitians were working in Congo, providing the opportunity for infection.^[6]

1968

• A 2003 analysis of HIV types found in the United States, compared to known mutation rates, suggests that the virus may have first arrived in the United States in this year.^[1] The disease spread from the 1966 American strand, but remained unrecognized for another 12 years.^[6]

1969

• A St. Louis teenager, identified as Robert Rayford, dies of an illness that baffles his doctors. Eighteen years later, molecular biologists at Tulane University in New Orleans test samples of his remains and find evidence of HIV.^[7]

1975

• The first reports of wasting and other symptoms, later determined to be AIDS, are reported in residents of Africa.^[8]

1976

• Norwegian sailor Arvid Noe dies; it is later determined that he contracted HIV/AIDS in Africa during the early 1960s.

1977

• Danish physician Grethe Rask dies of AIDS contracted in Africa.
• A San Francisco prostitute gives birth to the first of three children who were later diagnosed with AIDS. The children's blood was tested after their deaths and revealed an HIV infection. The mother died of AIDS in May 1987. Test results show she was infected no later than 1977.^[9]

1978

• A Portuguese man known as Senhor José (English: Mr. Joseph) dies; he will later be confirmed as the first known infection of HIV-2. It is believed that he was exposed to the disease in Guinea-Bissau in 1966.

1979

• The earliest case of AIDS in the United States was of a female baby born in New Jersey in 1973 or 1974. She was born to a sixteen-year-old girl, an identified drug-injector, who had previously had multiple male sexual partners. The baby died in 1979 at the age of five. Subsequent testing on her stored tissues confirmed that she had contracted HIV-1.^[10]

1980s

1980

• April 24, San Francisco resident Ken Horne, the first AIDS case in the United States to be recognized at the time, is reported to the Center for Disease Control with Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). He was also suffering from Cryptococcus.^[11]
• October 31, French-Canadian flight attendant Gaëtan Dugas pays his first known visit to New York City bathhouses. He would later be deemed "Patient Zero" for his apparent connection to many early cases of AIDS in the United States.^[12]
• December 23, Rick Wellikoff, a Brooklyn schoolteacher, dies of AIDS in New York City. He is the 4th US citizen to die from the disease.^[13]

1981

Kaposi's sarcoma on the skin of an AIDS patient.

• January 15, Nick Rock becomes the first known AIDS death in New York City.^[12]
• May 18, Lawrence Mass becomes the first journalist in the world to write about the epidemic, in the New York Native, a gay newspaper. A gay tipster overheard his physician mention that some gay men were being treated in intensive-care units in New York City for a strange pneumonia. "Disease Rumors Largely Unfounded" was the headline of Mass's article. Mass repeated a New York City public-health official's claims that there was no wave of disease sweeping through the gay community. At this point, however, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) had been gathering information for about a month on the outbreak that Mass's source dismissed.
• June 5, The CDC reports a cluster of Pneumocystis pneumonia in five gay men in Los Angeles.^[14]
• July 3, An article in the New York Times carries the headline: "Rare Cancer Seen in 41 Homosexuals". The article describes cases of Kaposi's sarcoma found in forty-one gay men in New York City and San Francisco. ^[15]
• July 4, The CDC reports clusters of Kaposi's sarcoma and Pneumocystis pneumonia among gay men in California and New York City.^[16]
• First known case in the United Kingdom.^[17]
• One of the first reported patients to died of AIDS (presumptive diagnosis) in the US is reported in the journal Gastroentereology. Louis Weinstein, the treating physician, commented that "Although no clear-cut evidence of immuno-deficiency could be demonstrated in our patient, this could not be ruled out completely."
• By the end of the year, 121 people are known to have died from the disease.^[1]

1982

• June 18, "Exposure to some substance (rather than an infectious agent) may eventually lead to immunodeficiency among a subset of the homosexual male population that shares a particular style of life."^[18] For example, Marmor et al. recently reported that exposure to amyl nitrite was associated with an increased risk of KS in New York City.^[19] Exposure to inhalant sexual stimulants, central-nervous-system stimulants, and a variety of other "street" drugs was common among males belonging to the cluster of cases of KS and PCP in Los Angeles and Orange counties."^[18]
• July 9, The CDC reports a cluster of opportunistic infections (OI) and Kaposi's sarcoma among Haitians recently entering the United States.^[2]
• July 27, The term AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) is proposed at a meeting in Washington of gay-community leaders, federal bureaucrats and the CDC to replace GRID (gay-related immune deficiency) as evidence showed it was not gay specific.^[20]
• Summer, First known case in Italy.^[21]
• September 24, The CDC defines a case of AIDS as a disease, at least moderately predictive of a defect in cell-mediated immunity, occurring in a person with no known cause for diminished resistance to that disease. Such diseases include KS, PCP, and serious OOI. Diagnoses are considered to fit the case definition only if based on sufficiently reliable methods (generally histology or culture). Some patients who are considered AIDS cases on the basis of diseases only moderately predictive of cellular immunodeficiency may not actually be immunodeficient and may not be part of the current epidemic.^[22]
• December 10, a baby in California becomes ill in the first known case of contracting AIDS from a blood transfusion.^[12]
• First known case in Brazil.^[23]
• First known case in Canada.^[24]

1983

• January, Françoise Barré-Sinoussi, at the Pasteur Institute in Paris, isolates a retrovirus that kills T-cells from the lymph system of a gay AIDS patient. In the following months, she would find it in additional gay and hemophiliac sufferers. This retrovirus would be called by several names, including LAV and HTLV-III before being named HIV in 1986.^[25]
• CDC National AIDS Hotline is established.
• March, United States Public Heath Service (PHS or USPHS) issues donor screening guidelines. AIDS high-risk groups should not donate blood/plasma products.
• First Aids-related death occurs in Australia, in the city of Melbourne. The Hawke Labor government invests in a significant campaign that has been credited with ensuring Australia has one of the lowest HIV infection rates in the world.
• AIDS is diagnosed in Mexico for the first time. HIV can be traced in the country to 1981.^[26]
• The PCR (polymerase chain reaction) technique is developed by Kary Mullis; it is widely used in AIDS research.
• Within a few days of each other, the musicians Jobriath and Klaus Nomi become the first internationally-known recording artists to die from AIDS-related illnesses.
• First known case in Portugal. ^[27]

1984

• March 30, Gaëtan Dugas dies. He was a French Canadian flight attendant linked by the CDC directly or indirectly to 40 of the first 248 reported cases of AIDS in the U.S.
• April 23, U.S. Health and Human Services Secretary Margaret Heckler announces at a press conference that an American scientist, Robert Gallo, has discovered the probable cause of AIDS: the retrovirus is subsequently named human immunodeficiency virus or HIV in 1986. She also declares that a vaccine will be available within two years.
• September 6, First performance at Theatre Rhinoceros in San Francisco of The AIDS Show which runs for two years and is the subject of a 1986 documentary film of the same name.
• December 17, Ryan White was diagnosed with AIDS by a doctor performing a partial lung removal. White became infected with HIV from a blood product, known as Factor VIII, which was administered to him on a regular basis as part of his treatment for hemophilia. When the public school that he attended, Western Middle School in Russiaville, Indiana, learned of his disease in 1985 there was enormous pressure from parents and faculty to bar him from school premises. Due to the widespread fear of AIDS and lack of medical knowledge, principal Ron Colby and the schoolboard assented. His family filed a lawsuit, seeking to overturn the ban.

1985

• March 2, FDA approves the first AIDS antibody screening tests for use on all donated blood and plasma intended for transfusion and product manufacture.
• October 2, Rock Hudson dies of AIDS. On July 25, 1985, he was the first American celebrity to publicly admit having AIDS; he had been diagnosed with it on June 5, 1984.
• October 12, Ricky Wilson, guitarist of American rock band The B-52's dies from an AIDS related illness. The album Bouncing Off The Satellites, which he was working on when he died, is dedicated to him when it is released the next year. The band are devastated by their loss and do not tour or promote the album. Wilson is eventually replaced on guitar by his former writing partner Keith Strickland, the B52's former drummer.
• October, a conference of public health officials including representatives of the Centers for Disease Control and World Health Organization meet in Bangui and define AIDS in Africa as "prolonged fevers for a month or more, weight loss of over 10% and prolonged diarrhea".
• First officially reported cases in China.^[28]
• November 11, An Early Frost, the first film to cover the topic of HIV/AIDS is broadcast in the U.S. on prime time TV by NBC.

1986

This image revealed the presence of both HTLV-1, and HIV.

• HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is adopted as name of the retrovirus that was first proposed as the cause of AIDS by Luc Montagnier of France, who named it LAV (lymphadenopathy associated virus) and Robert Gallo of the United States, who named it HTLV-III (human T-lymphotropic virus type III)
• January 14, "one million Americans have already been infected with the virus and that this number will jump to at least 2 million or 3 million within 5 to 10 years..." – NIAID Director Anthony Fauci, New York Times.^[29]
• February, President Reagan instructs his Surgeon General C. Everett Koop to prepare a report on AIDS. (Koop was excluded from the Executive Task Force on AIDS established in 1983 by his immediate superior, Assistant Secretary of Health Edward Brandt.) Without allowing Reagan's domestic policy advisers to review the report, Koop released the report at a press conference on October 22, 1986.^[30][31]
• Attorney Geoffrey Bowers is fired from the firm of Baker & McKenzie after AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma lesions appeared on his face. The firm maintained that he was fired purely for his performance.^[32] He sued the firm, in one of the first AIDS discrimination cases to go to a public hearing. These events were the inspiration for the 1993 film Philadelphia.^[33]
• November 18, model Gia Carangi dies of AIDS-related illness.
• First officially known cases in the Soviet Union^[34] and India.^[35]

1987

• AZT (zidovudine), the first antiretroviral drug, becomes available to treat HIV.^[1]
• May, 28 Charles Ludlam dies of AIDS-related PCP pneumonia.
• Williamson, West Virginia closes its public swimming pool following an incident involving a local resident with HIV/AIDS. The Oprah Winfrey Show broadcasts a town hall meeting during which local residents express their fears about AIDS and homosexuality.
• Randy Shilts investigative journalism book And the Band Played On: Politics, People, and the AIDS Epidemic published chronicling the 1980–1985 discovery and spread of HIV/AIDS, government indifference, and political infighting in the United States to what was initially perceived as a gay disease.

1988

• May, C. Everett Koop sends an eight-page, condensed version of his Surgeon General's Report on Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome report named Understanding AIDS to all 107,000,000 households in the United States, becoming the first federal authority to provide explicit advice to US citizens on how to protect themselves from AIDS.^[30][36]
• November 11, The fact-based AIDS-themed film Go Toward The Light is broadcast on CBS.
• December 1, The first World AIDS Day takes place.
• In Buenos Aires, Argentina, the rock musicians Miguel Abuelo (March 26) and Federico Moura (December 21), die from AIDS-related complications.

1989

• The television movie The Ryan White Story airs. It stars Judith Light as Jeanne, Lukas Haas as Ryan and Nikki Cox as sister Andrea. Ryan White had a small cameo appearance as Chad, a young patient with AIDS. Another AIDS-themed film, The Littlest Victims, debuted in 1989, biopicing James Oleske, the first U.S. physician to discover AIDS in newborns during AIDS' early years, when many thought it was only spread through homosexual sex.
• NASCAR driver Tim Richmond dies from AIDS-related complications.

1990s

1990

Ryan White

• January 6, British actor Ian Charleson dies from AIDS at the age of 40 — the first show-business death in the United Kingdom openly attributed to complications from AIDS.
• February 16, New York artist and social activist Keith Haring dies from AIDS-related illness.
• April 8, Ryan White dies at the age of 18 from pneumonia caused by complications associated with AIDS.
• Congress enacted The Ryan White Comprehensive AIDS Resources Emergency (CARE) Act or Ryan White Care Act, the United States' largest federally funded health related program (excluding Medicaid and Medicare).
• July 7, Brazilian singer Cazuza dies in Rio de Janeiro at the age of 32 from an AIDS-related illness.

1991

• November 24, A little over 24 hours after issuing a statement confirming that he had been tested HIV positive and had AIDS, Freddie Mercury (singer of the British band Queen) dies at the age of 45. The official cause of death is bronchial pneumonia resulting from AIDS.
• NBA star Magic Johnson publicly announces that he is HIV-positive.

1992

• The first combination drug therapies for HIV are introduced. Such "cocktails" are more effective than AZT alone and slow down the development of drug resistance.^[1]
• American actor Anthony Perkins, known for his role as Norman Bates in the Psycho movies, dies from AIDS.
• June 18, Australian singer Peter Allen dies from complications due to AIDS.
• April 6, popular science fiction writer Isaac Asimov dies. Ten years later, his wife revealed that his death was due to AIDS-related complications. The writer was infected during a blood transfusion in 1983.^[37]
• At the Royal Free Hospital in London, an out-patients' centre for HIV and AIDS is opened by Ian McKellen. It is named the Ian Charleson Day Centre after actor Ian Charleson.

1993

• Tennis star Arthur Ashe dies from AIDS-related complications^[38]

1994

• Elizabeth Glaser, wife of Starsky & Hutch's Paul Michael Glaser, dies from AIDS-related complications almost ten years after receiving an infected blood transfusion while giving birth. She unknowingly passes AIDS on to her daughter, Ariel, and son, Jake. Ariel died in 1988, Jake is living with HIV, while Paul Michael remains negative.

1995

• Saquinavir, a new type of protease inhibitor drug, becomes available to treat HIV. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) becomes possible.^[1] Within two years, death rates due to AIDS will have plummeted in the developed world.
• March 26, Rapper Eazy-E dies from AIDS-related pneumonia.
• April 4, British DJ and entertainer Kenny Everett dies from AIDS.
• Oakland resident Jeff Getty becomes the first person to receive a bone marrow transplant from a Baboon as an experimental procedure to treat his HIV infection. The graft did not take, but Getty experienced some reduction in symptoms, before dying of heart failure after cancer treatment, in 2006.^[39]

1996

Robert Gallo

• Robert Gallo's discovery that some natural compounds known as chemokines can block HIV and halt the progression of AIDS is hailed by Science as one of that year's most important scientific breakthroughs.

1997

• September 2, The Washington Post carries an article stating, "The most recent estimate of the number of Americans infected (with HIV), 750,000, is only half the total that government officials used to cite over a decade ago, at a time when experts believed that as many as 1.5 million people carried the virus."
• Based on the Bangui definition the WHO's cumulative number of reported AIDS cases from 1980 through 1997 for all of Africa is 620,000.^[40] For comparison, the cumulative total of AIDS cases in the USA through 1997 is 641,087.
• December 7, "French President Jacques Chirac addressed Africa's top AIDS conference on Sunday and called on the world's richest nations to create an AIDS therapy support fund to help Africa. According to Chirac, Africa struggles to care for two-thirds of the world's persons with AIDS without the benefit of expensive AIDS therapies. Chirac invited other countries, especially European nations, to create a fund that would help increase the number of AIDS studies and experiments. AIDS workers welcomed Chirac's speech and said they hoped France would promote the idea to the Group of Eight summit of the world's richest nations."^[41]

1998

• December 10, International Human Rights Day, Treatment Action Campaign (TAC) is launched to campaign for greater access to HIV treatment for all South Africans, by raising public awareness and understanding about issues surrounding the availability, affordability and use of HIV treatments. TAC campaigns against the view that AIDS is a death sentence.

1999

• January 31, Studies suggest that a retrovirus, SIVcpz (simian immunodeficiency virus) from the common chimpanzee Pan troglodytes, may have passed to human populations in west equatorial Africa during the twentieth century and developed into various types of HIV.^[42][43]
• Edward Hooper releases a book called The River, which accuses doctors who developed and administered the oral polio vaccine in 1950s Africa of unintentionally starting the AIDS epidemic. The OPV AIDS hypothesis receives a great deal of publicity.^[1] It was later refuted by studies demonstrating the origins of HIV as a mutated variant of a simian immunodeficiency virus that is lethal to humans.^{[44][45][46][47][48]} Hooper's hypothesis should not be confused with the Heart of Darkness origin theory.

2000s

2000

• World Health Organization estimates between 15% and 20% of new HIV infections worldwide are the result of blood transfusions, where the donors were not screened or inadequately screened for HIV.

2001

• September 21, FDA licenses the first nucleic acid test (NAT) systems intended for screening of blood and plasma donations.

2004

• January 5, "Individual risk of acquiring HIV and experiencing rapid disease progression is not uniform within populations", says Anthony S. Fauci, the director of NIAID.^{[49] [3]}

2005

• January 21, The CDC recommends anti-retroviral post-exposure prophylaxis for people exposed to HIV from rapes, accidents or occasional unsafe sex or drug use. This treatment should start no more than 72 hours after a person has been exposed to the virus, and the drugs should be used by patients for 28 days. This emergency drug treatment has been recommended since 1996 for health-care workers accidentally stuck with a needle, splashed in their eyes with blood, or exposed in some other way on the job.^[50]
• A highly resistant strain of HIV linked to rapid progression to AIDS is identified in New York City.^[1]

2006

• November 9, SIV found in gorillas.^[51]

2007

• The first case of someone being cured of HIV is reported. A San Francisco man, Timothy Ray Brown, coinfected with leukemia and HIV, is cured of HIV through a bone marrow transplant in Germany. Other similar cases are being studied to confirm similar results.
• Maraviroc, the first available CCR5 receptor antagonist, is approved by the FDA as an antiviral drug for the treatment of AIDS.

2010s

2011

• Confirmation is published that the first patient cured of HIV, Timothy Ray Brown, still has a negative HIV status, 4 years after treatment.^[52]

2013

• Confirmation is published that a toddler has been "functionally cured" of HIV infection.^[53]
• A New York Times Article says that 14 people may have been "functionally cured" of HIV (which apparently means that they can live semi-normally with no drug treatment) according to a French study which suggested that this is most likely to happen to patients who begin a treatment regimen early.^[54].